–下载
https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

–安装依赖
centos系统
yum -y install libaio glibc ncurses*

debian系统
apt -y install numactl libaio-dev

–安装 mysql
1、解压并创建相关目录
tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/{data,etc,logs,tmp}

2、配置文件
vi /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
user            = mysql
port            = 3306
basedir         = /usr/local/mysql
datadir         = /usr/local/mysql/data
log-error       = /usr/local/mysql/logs/error.log
pid-file        = /usr/local/mysql/logs/mysql.pid
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
character_set_server = utf8mb4
collation_server = utf8mb4_bin
lower_case_table_names=1
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

说明：
此配置文件仅供简单使用，不适合生产环境。

3、添加环境变量
vi ~/.bash_profile
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

4、使环境变量生效
source ~/.bash_profile

5、服务相关
1）创建 mysql 用户，并将 /usr/local/mysql 目录权限改为 mysql 用户所属
useradd mysql
passwd mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

2）初始化
mysqld –initialize –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

3）查看初始化密码
tail /usr/local/mysql/logs/error.log

4）配置文件
ls /etc/my.cnf
mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak # 如果存在就备份掉
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf

6、启动和停止
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
/etc/init.d/mysqld stop

7、登录修改 root 密码
mysql -uroot -p -h 127.0.0.1

set password = password(‘123456’);
或者
alter user ‘root’@’localhost’ identified by ‘123456’;